Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic and obstetric characteristics of adolescent mothers and the complications they cause to maternal and neonatal health. This baseline data analysis of the MINA-Brazil birth cohort was conducted in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul, state of Acre, Brazil. The chi-square test was used to compare characteristics of adolescent and adult postpartum women, and multiple Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to assess associated factors. Among the postpartum women, 26.2% (95%CI: 24.0-28.4) were adolescents. Factors associated with childbirth in adolescence included: nine years or less of schooling (adjPR:1.36; 95%CI: 1.14-1.61), belongs to the lowest quartiles of the wealth index (1st quartile: adjPR:1.40; 95%CI: 1.08-1.80) (2nd quartile: adjPR:1.37; 95%CI: 1.08-1.74), primigravidae (adjPR:3.69; 95%CI: 2.98-4.57), low pre-pregnancy BMI (adjPR:1.28; CI95%: 1.04-1.57), urinary tract infection during pregnancy (adjPR:1.25; CI95%: 1.07-1.46) and less than six prenatal consultations (adjPR:1.42; 95%CI: 1.21-1.66). Poverty, little schooling, primigravidae, low pre-pregnancy BMI, urinary tract infection during pregnancy and few prenatal consultations were associated with childbirth during adolescence in a municipality in the Northern region of Brazil.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi investigar as características socioeconômicas e obstétricas de parturientes adolescentes e suas complicações sobre a saúde materna e neonatal. Trata-se de uma análise de dados da linha de base da coorte de nascimentos MINA-Brasil conduzida no município de Cruzeiro do Sul, estado do Acre. Utilizou-se teste qui-quadrado para comparar características das puérperas adolescentes com as adultas e modelos múltiplos de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para avaliar fatores associados. Entre as puérperas estudadas, 26,2% (IC95%: 24,0-28,4) eram adolescentes. Os fatores associados ao parto na adolescência foram ter nove anos ou menos de estudo (RPaj:1,36; IC95%: 1,14-1,61), pertencer aos menores quartis do índice de riqueza (1° quartil: RPaj:1,40; IC95%: 1,08-1,80) (2° quartil: RPaj:1,37; IC95%: 1,08-1,74), ser primigesta (RPaj:3,69; IC95%: 2,98-4,57), baixo IMC pré-gestacional (RPaj:1,28; IC95%: 1,04-1,57), infecção urinária na gravidez (RPaj:1,25; IC95%: 1,07-1,46) e menos de seis consultas de pré-natal (RPaj:1,42; IC95%: 1,21-1,66). Pobreza, baixa escolaridade, primigestação, baixo IMC pré-gestacional, infecção urinária na gestação e menor número de consultas de pré-natal foram associados ao parto na adolescência em município da região Norte do Brasil.

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic and obstetric characteristics of adolescent mothers and the complications they cause to maternal and neonatal health. This baseline data analysis of the MINA-Brazil birth cohort was conducted in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul, state of Acre, Brazil. The chi-square test was used to compare characteristics of adolescent and adult postpartum women, and multiple Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to assess associated factors. Among the postpartum women, 26.2% (95%CI: 24.0-28.4) were adolescents. Factors associated with childbirth in adolescence included: nine years or less of schooling (adjPR:1.36; 95%CI: 1.14-1.61), belongs to the lowest quartiles of the wealth index (1st quartile: adjPR:1.40; 95%CI: 1.08-1.80) (2nd quartile: adjPR:1.37; 95%CI: 1.08-1.74), primigravidae (adjPR:3.69; 95%CI: 2.98-4.57), low pre-pregnancy BMI (adjPR:1.28; CI95%: 1.04-1.57), urinary tract infection during pregnancy (adjPR:1.25; CI95%: 1.07-1.46) and less than six prenatal consultations (adjPR:1.42; 95%CI: 1.21-1.66). Poverty, little schooling, primigravidae, low pre-pregnancy BMI, urinary tract infection during pregnancy and few prenatal consultations were associated with childbirth during adolescence in a municipality in the Northern region of Brazil.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi investigar as características socioeconômicas e obstétricas de parturientes adolescentes e suas complicações sobre a saúde materna e neonatal. Trata-se de uma análise de dados da linha de base da coorte de nascimentos MINA-Brasil conduzida no município de Cruzeiro do Sul, estado do Acre. Utilizou-se teste qui-quadrado para comparar características das puérperas adolescentes com as adultas e modelos múltiplos de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para avaliar fatores associados. Entre as puérperas estudadas, 26,2% (IC95%: 24,0-28,4) eram adolescentes. Os fatores associados ao parto na adolescência foram ter nove anos ou menos de estudo (RPaj:1,36; IC95%: 1,14-1,61), pertencer aos menores quartis do índice de riqueza (1° quartil: RPaj:1,40; IC95%: 1,08-1,80) (2° quartil: RPaj:1,37; IC95%: 1,08-1,74), ser primigesta (RPaj:3,69; IC95%: 2,98-4,57), baixo IMC pré-gestacional (RPaj:1,28; IC95%: 1,04-1,57), infecção urinária na gravidez (RPaj:1,25; IC95%: 1,07-1,46) e menos de seis consultas de pré-natal (RPaj:1,42; IC95%: 1,21-1,66). Pobreza, baixa escolaridade, primigestação, baixo IMC pré-gestacional, infecção urinária na gestação e menor número de consultas de pré-natal foram associados ao parto na adolescência em município da região Norte do Brasil.

ABSTRACT: This study recorded the physicochemical properties of the marula fruits, the biometry and breaking the dormancy in the marula seeds. Using 200 ripe fruits, the physicochemical characterization was done. From a random sample of 400 seeds, an assessment of the biometrics was performed, and the weight, length, width and thickness of the fruits and seeds were evaluated. Two experiments were conducted to study dormancy breaking using pre-germination treatments, which included immersing the marula seeds five times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes) in concentrated sulfuric acid (96%) and water, at 65 ºC temperature. The control was time zero, using plain distilled water, with 25 seeds per treatment and four replications. The marula fruits revealed average values of 21.65 ± 3.44 g, 35.5 ± 2.38 and 34.8 ± 2.73, respectively, for weight, diameter and length. The soluble solids (SS), Hydrogenonic Potential (pH), titratable acidity (AT) and ratio (AT/SS) were 14.74 ± 1.0º Brix, 3.93 ± 0.49 pH, 0.63 ± 0.22 and 27.07 ± 12.10, respectively. For the weight of one thousand seeds, the average value was 3.576 ± 188.4 g. The mean values for the dimensions of the width, length and diameter of the seeds were 22.9 ± 2.11; 23.7 ± 2.04; and 14.9 ± 2.09 mm, respectively. The physiological quality of these seeds was enhanced by immersing the seeds from freshly picked fruits in sulfuric acid for a maximum of 30 minutes and storing them for six months.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar as características físico-químicas de frutos, biometria e superação da dormência de sementes de marula. Para a caracterização físico-química foram utilizados 200 frutos maduros. Realizou-se a biometria utilizando uma amostra aleatória de 400 sementes e foram avaliados: peso, comprimento, largura e espessura de frutos e sementes. Para o estudo da superação de dormência foram realizados dois experimentos com os tratamentos pré-germinativos constituídos pela imersão das sementes em ácido sulfúrico concentrado (96%) e água a temperatura de 65 ºC por cinco tempos (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos), sendo o tempo zero a testemunha, onde utilizou-se apenas água destilada, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes por tratamento. Os frutos de marula apresentaram valores médios de 21,65 ± 3,44 g, 35,5±2,38 e 34,8±2,73 mm de peso, diâmetro e comprimento, respectivamente e sólidos solúveis (SS), Potencial Hidrogeniônico ( pH), acidez titulável (AT) e ratio (AT/SS) foram de 14,74 ± 1,0 ºBrix, 3,93 ± 0,49 pH, 0,63 ± 0,22 e 27,07 ± 12,10 respectivamente. As sementes apresentaram valores médios de 3.576 ± 188,4 g para o peso de mil sementes. Para as dimensões, largura, comprimento e diâmetro de sementes, apresentaram valores médios de 22,9 ± 2,11; 23,7 ± 2,04; e 14,9 ± 2,09 mm respectivamente. A imersão das sementes procedentes de frutos recém colhidos em ácido sulfúrico por até 30 minutos e o armazenamento por seismeses promove incrementos na sua qualidade fisiológica.

Resumo A marula (Sclerocarya birrea) pertencente à família Anacardiaceae, é originária do bioma das savanas da África do Sul e da região da África oriental. É uma das árvores nativas mais valorizadas do sul da África por possuir propriedades medicinais e nutricionais de grande valor, entretanto existe um entrave na sua produção que é a dormência das sementes. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência do tempo de armazenamento na superação da dormência e na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de marula. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, utilizando-se 400 sementes distribuídas aleatoriamente em 4 repetições de 100 sementes para analise biométrica. Para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica e superação da dormência das sementes os tratamentos consistiram em cinco períodos de armazenamento: 10 dias (testemunha); e 184; 244; 306; 367 e 428 dias após o colheita, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes por tratamento. Recomenda-se, o armazenamento das sementes de marula durante 367 dias após a colheita em condições ambientais (26±2 °C), por apresentarem melhor qualidade fisiológica.

Abstract Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) is a species of the family Anacardiaceae, native to the savanna biome in South and East Africa. It is among the most valued native trees of southern Africa due to its medicinal and nutritional properties; however, the dormancy of its seeds makes the production of marula difficult. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of storage times on dormancy breaking and physiological quality of marula seeds. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with four 100-seed replications for evaluating seed biometry. Physiological quality and dormancy breaking were evaluated through treatments consisted of five storage periods: 10 (control), 184, 244, 306, 367, and 428 days after harvest, with four 25-seed replications per treatment. Storing marula seeds under room conditions (26±2 °C) for 367 days after harvest is recommended for a better physiological quality of the seeds.

An extraction phase based on hydrogel disks of polyvinyl alcohol and pectin was developed, characterized, and evaluated for the extraction of four endocrine disruptors (methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben and butylparaben) in free form in human urine samples with subsequent determination by liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (LC-DAD). The proposed hydrogel showed easy synthesis, was made of low-cost and non-toxic polymers, and showed that it has an amphiphilic character. Gels with lower swelling indexes (175%) and more concentrated dispersions of polymers (P20PC2.0) showed lower relative standard deviation (RSD) values. Under optimized solid phase extraction (SPE) conditions, the LC-DAD method presented limits of quantification of 0.1 µg mL1, accuracy values ranged from 101.3 to 118.2%, while the inter-assay precision ranged from 1.5 to 17.4%. In addition, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH)/pectin-based material presented the possibility of reuse at least 15 times, without presenting carryover effect and physical degradation. In this way, the hydrogel shows promise for the extraction of organic compounds with different polarities in biological matrices.

Has the adoption of direct public funding for Brazilian electoral campaigns had an impact on the inequality of resources between candidates for federal deputy? In this article I analyze the consequences of using only public funding and banning corporate donations to finance political campaigns for the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies. The goal was to assess whether these changes impacted the concentration of financial resources among candidates. To this end, I used descriptive statistics and measures of income inequality such as the Gini Index and percentile concentration. The results point to an improvement in the general distribution of resources upon the exit of companies and the implementation of the Special Campaign Fund (FEFC). However, this improvement is still insufficient for those at the bottom of the financing pyramid. I posit that institutional factors (such as quotas for minorities and electoral spending caps) combined with party-related factors have contributed to the decrease in inequality, but they are still insufficient to reduce the vast enduring disparities among candidates.

A adoção do financiamento público direto às campanhas eleitorais brasileiras impactou a desigualdade de recursos entre candidatos a deputado federal? Neste artigo analiso quais foram os efeitos de mudanças institucionais recentes em nosso modelo de financiamento de campanhas (especialmente a entrada dos subsídios públicos e a saída das doações por empresas) sobre a concentração de recursos financeiros entre os candidatos. Para isso foram empregadas estatísticas descritivas e medidas de desigualdade, como o Índice de Gini e de concentração por percentis. Os resultados apontam uma melhora no quadro geral de distribuição de recursos com a proibição do financiamento empresarial e a criação do Fundo Especial de Financiamento de Campanhas (FEFC). No entanto, essa melhora ainda é insuficiente para quem está na base da pirâmide do financiamento. Fatores institucionais (como as cotas para minorias e o teto de gastos eleitorais) e partidários ajudam a explicar a diminuição da desigualdade, porém não bastam para tornar as disputas menos desequilibradas do ponto de vista financeiro.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nicotine administration on the osseointegration of a superhydrophilic implants surface on rat tibiae. Thirty-two rats were used and divided into 2 groups according to the administration or not of nicotine: HH - Installation of implants with superhydrophilic surfaces in healthy animals; and HN - Installation of implants with superhydrophilic surfaces in animals subjected to nicotine administration. The animals were euthanized 15 and 45 days after implant placement (n = 8). Osseointegration was assessed by means of biomechanical analyses (removal torque), microcomputed tomography (volume of bone around the implants- %BV/TV), and histomorphometry (bone-implant contact -%BIC and the bone area between implant threads -%BBT). The animals subject to the nicotine administration presented lower removal torque than the control animals at the 45-day period (21.88 ± 2.80 Ncm vs. 17.88 ± 2.10 Ncm). The implants placed in the control rats presented higher %BIC (54.26 ± 6.59% vs. 39.25 ± 4.46%) and %BBT (50.57 ± 5.28% vs. 32.25 ± 5.24%) than the implants placed in nicotine animals at 15-day period. The nicotine administration reduces the osseointegration at 15 days, however, the superhydrophilic surface equalized the osseointegration in nicotine-exposed animals compared with healthy animals after 45 days of implant placement.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração de nicotina na osseointegração de implantes com superfície modificada por jateamento de oxidos e ataque ácido instalados em tíbia de ratos. Foram utilizados 32 ratos que foram divididos em 2 grupos de acordo com a administração ou não de nicotina: HH - Instalação de implantes com superfícies superhidrofílicas em animais sadios; e HN - Instalação de implantes com superfícies superhidrofílicas em animais submetidos à administração de nicotina. Os animais foram eutanasiados 15 e 45 dias após a colocação do implante (n = 8). A osseointegração foi avaliada por meio de análises biomecânicas (torque de remoção), microtomografia (volume de osso ao redor dos implantes - %BV/TV) e histomorfometrica (contato osso-implante -%BIC e área óssea entre roscas do implante -%BBT). Os animais submetidos à administração de nicotina apresentaram menor torque de remoção do que os animais controle no período de 45 dias (21,88 ± 2,80 Ncm vs. 17,88 ± 2,10 Ncm). Os implantes colocados nos ratos controle apresentaram maiores %BIC (54,26 ± 6,59% vs. 39,25 ± 4,46%) e %BBT (50,57 ± 5,28% vs. 32,25 ± 5,24%) do que os implantes colocados nos animais submetidos a administração de nicotina no período de 15 dias. A administração de nicotina prejudicou a osseointegração no período de 15 dias. Entretanto, a superfície superhidrofílica equalizou a osseointegração em animais expostos à nicotina em comparação com animais saudáveis após 45 dias da colocação do implante.

ABSTRACT The objective is to reflect on how the work Bárbara creates artistic poetics from the dialogue between urban space and screendance, problematizing deeply rooted beliefs from contemporary art and tensioning others, different ones, from digital culture. Principles of practice are adopted as research to discuss the interfaces between dance, audiovisual technology and modern architecture in Cataguases, Minas Gerais. Recording and editing strategies are highlighted in the creative process of the videodance Bárbara, and the state of trance, of estrangement that happened both to the character, when she dared to dance in a sacred space of the city, and to the researcher who dared to venture, in a wandering way, through the hybrid paths of contemporary art that dialogue dance and audiovisual.

RÉSUMÉ L’objectif est de réfléchir sur la façon dont le travail de Bárbara crée une poétique artistique à partir du dialogue entre l’espace urbain et la vidéodanse, problématisant les croyances profondément enracinées de l´art contemporain et mettant en tension d’autres, différentes, de la culture numérique. Des principes de pratique sont adoptés comme recherche pour discuter des interfaces entre la danse, la technologie audiovisuelle et l’architecture moderne à Cataguases, Minas Gerais. Les stratégies d’enregistrement et de montage sont mises en évidence dans le processus de création de la vidéodanse Bárbara, et l’état de transe, d’éloignement, qui est arrivé à la fois au personnage, lorsqu’il a osé danser dans l’espace sacré de la ville et aux chercheurs qui osé s’aventurer, de manière déambulatoire, dans le voies hybrides de l’art contemporain qui fait dialoguer danse et audiovisuel.

RESUMO O objetivo é refletir como a obra Bárbara cria poéticas artísticas a partir do diálogo entre espaço urbano e videodança problematizando crenças arraigadas da arte contemporânea e tensionando outras, diferentes, da cultura digital. Adotam princípios da prática como pesquisa para discutir as interfaces entre dança, tecnologia audiovisual e a arquitetura moderna de Cataguases, Minas Gerais. Destacam-se estratégias de gravação e edição presentes no processo de criação da videodança Bárbara, e discute-se o estado de transe, de estranhamento, que aconteceu tanto com a personagem, quando ousou dançar em espaço sacro da cidade, quanto com os pesquisadores que se atreveram a se aventurar, de forma errante, pelos caminhos híbridos da arte contemporânea que dialoga dança e audiovisual.

Abstract The number of students who leave school before the end of the classes is worrisome regarding the progress of school life; and can be harmful when frequent. A survey on the main reasons for that departure is essential so that actions can be taken, thus allowing the School Unit (“Unidade Escolar [U.E.]”) to develop methods that aim the decrease in that departure, avoiding truancy even if it’s only in part of the period. Categorizing the data shows features as period of study, sex, age and class, which distinguish the students regarding the amount of departures. The usage of the minute of early departure from a municipal elementary school in the city of Osasco, as source of data, showed that 42,22% of the students left school in the last semester of 2019 before the end of daily classes, for several reasons, whether coming from the school or from the ones responsible for the students. Analyzing the data, it is possible to notice that boys, in the afternoon period, close to the end of the class depart more frequently, and the reasons for the departure are mostly not defined by the ones responsible for the students. These data show that there must be a bigger concern towards that specific group in order to reduce the amount of departures and keep students in school as much as they are entitled to.

Resumo O número de alunos que deixam a escola antes do término das aulas é preocupante para o andamento da vida escolar e pode ser prejudicial quando frequente. Um levantamento dos principais motivos por trás dessas saídas é essencial para que providências possam ser tomadas, possibilitando, assim, que a gestão da Unidade Escolar [U.E.] desenvolva formas e métodos que objetivem a diminuição dessas saídas, evitando evasões escolares mesmo que apenas em parte do período. Ao se categorizar os dados, nota-se que características como período de estudo, sexo, idade e turma diferenciam os alunos quanto às quantidades de saídas. A utilização do livro Ata de saída antecipada como fonte de dados de uma escola municipal de Ensino Fundamental I, na cidade de Osasco, mostrou que 42,22% dos alunos deixaram a escola no último semestre de 2019 antes do término diário das aulas por motivos diversos, provindos da escola ou por parte dos responsáveis. Diante da análise dos dados, é possível notar que meninos, do período da tarde, em horário próximo à saída se ausentam com maior frequência e os motivos dessas saídas são em sua maioria não definidos por seus responsáveis. Esses dados demonstram que deve haver uma preocupação maior para com esse grupo específico na intenção de diminuir o número de saídas e manter os alunos o tempo integral a que têm direito na escola.

ABSTRACT. In soils with adequate levels of fertility, it is possible to manage phosphate fertilization aiming at the grain production system, instead of each isolated crop. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the management of phosphate fertilization, place and time, on the soil and leaf P content, and crop yield in grain production systems. An experiment was conducted at the farm level in the municipality of Nazareno, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, for four years on soil with adequate level of fertility. The treatments consisted of the management of phosphate fertilization by broadcast or furrow and dose for each crop or for the production system (spring/summer and autumn/winter crops), being: Control = without phosphate fertilization; Conventional = phosphate fertilization in the furrow in each crop; BTP = phosphate fertilization of the grain production system to broadcast; TPS = phosphate fertilization of the grain production system in the furrow of the spring/summer crop; TPW = phosphate fertilization of the grain production system in the furrow of the autumn/winter crop. Soil P content was evaluated in the third year of implantation, and the crops yield every season crop (maize, soybean, common bean and wheat). The P content in the leaves of maize and soybeans were evaluated in the spring/summer crops. The application of the total dose of phosphate fertilization for both crops in the sowing furrow of the spring/summer or autumn/winter crops (TPS and TPW) promoted operational advantages and increased soil P content in the 0-0.20 m layer, without reducing the yield of the spring/summer crops. Leaf P content was not affected. The Conventional management (phosphate fertilization in the furrow in each crop) provide greater yield of common beans and wheat during autumn/winter crops, which are more subject to water restriction due to less rainfall, even without increasing the soil P content.

Abstract Maximum shear modulus (G0) has been used in various geotechnical jobs (e.g., seismic site assessment, machine vibration and pile driven). Laboratory and in situ determination of G0 is not a current practice in Brazil. G0 can be estimated from empirical correlations based on in situ tests like Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Cone Penetration Test (CPT) in the preliminary design phase. Several empirical correlations to estimate G0 from SPT N value have been developed and are available in the literature. However, most of these correlations were established based on experience with well-behaved soils formed in temperate and glacial zones, which may not always be used for tropical soils. This paper assessed and discussed the applicability of some correlations for G0 estimative from SPT data in lateritic and saprolitic soils. The classical correlations for sedimentary soils underestimated G0 of tropical soils. After updating the database, the tropical soils correlations reasonably estimated G0 for the lateritic ones, which was not the case for the saprolitic soils. It was observed that differentiating the soils only as lateritic or saprolitic was not adequate for a good G0 estimate for the saprolitic sandy soils. It was found that only the lateritic soils correlation can be used with caution as a preliminary attempt to estimate G0 from SPT N value in soils with similar characteristics to the ones presented in this paper.

Abstract This article highlights how the pension reforms produced in Brazil since the late 1990s contributed to the expansion of private supplementary pension schemes. Restrictive and ambiguous measures, adopted by different government coalitions in the course of these reforms, made public pensions in Brazil less attractive by setting limits on the receipt of pensions from public servants, also promoting significant reductions in the rates of replacement of income from benefits linked to the public pay-as-you-go system. Based on the literature on institutional change, and contradicting stricter path dependence arguments, the proposed analysis seeks to demonstrate empirically how these measures helped to disseminate pension funds and private pension plans in Brazil, particularly among groups with higher income, resulting in the strengthening of the private pillar of the pension system.

Resumo Este artigo destaca como as reformas previdenciárias produzidas no Brasil desde o final da década de 1990 contribuíram para a expansão dos esquemas privados de previdência complementar. Medidas restritivas e de caráter ambíguo, adotadas por diferentes coalizões de governo no curso dessas reformas, tornaram a previdência pública no Brasil menos atrativa por fixarem limites para o recebimento das aposentadorias dos servidores públicos. Isto promoveu significativas reduções nas taxas de reposição de renda dos benefícios vinculados ao sistema público de repartição. Apoiando-se na literatura sobre mudança institucional e contrariando argumentos path dependence mais rígidos, a análise proposta busca demonstrar empiricamente como essas medidas ajudaram a difundir os fundos de pensão e os planos privados de previdência no Brasil, particularmente entre os grupos com maiores rendimentos, resultando no fortalecimento do pilar privado do sistema previdenciário.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe and compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to intensive care units during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this retrospective single-center cohort study, data were retrieved from the Epimed Monitor System; all adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit between March 4, 2020, and October 1, 2021, were included in the study. We compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a quaternary private hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, during the first (May 1, 2020, to August 31, 2020) and second (March 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021) waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results In total, 1,427 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to the intensive care unit during the first (421 patients) and second (1,006 patients) waves. Compared with the first wave group [median (IQR)], the second wave group was younger [57 (46-70) versus 67 (52-80) years; p<0.001], had a lower SAPS 3 Score [45 (42-52) versus 49 (43-57); p<0.001], lower SOFA Score on intensive care unit admission [3 (1-6) versus 4 (2-6); p=0.018], lower Charlson Comorbidity Index [0 (0-1) versus 1 (0-2); p<0.001], and were less frequently frail (10.4% versus 18.1%; p<0.001). The second wave group used more noninvasive ventilation (81.3% versus 53.4%; p<0.001) and high-flow nasal cannula (63.2% versus 23.0%; p<0.001) during their intensive care unit stay. The intensive care unit (11.3% versus 10.5%; p=0.696) and in-hospital mortality (12.3% versus 12.1%; p=0.998) rates did not differ between both waves. Conclusion In the first and second waves, patients with severe COVID-19 exhibited similar mortality rates and need for invasive organ support, despite the second wave group being younger and less severely ill at the time of intensive care unit admission.

ABSTRACT The search for vegetable extracts for phytosanitary control has been expanded to find new active ingredients to control plant diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of the fixed constituents of Copaifera luetzelburgii, Croton zehntneri and Lippia lasiocalycina, at the concentrations of 2, 20, 200 and 2,000 μg mL-1, on the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition of Colletotrichum siamense, C. truncatum, Fusarium sacchari, F. udum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Thielaviopsis ethacetica, as well as the conidium concentration of C. siamense, F. sacchari and F. udum produced in culture medium with all the extracts. The tested ethanolic extract, especially at the highest concentration, inhibited the percentage of mycelial growth and/or conidium concentration of the evaluated fungi. The other concentrations showed low inhibitory effects or no activity against the fungi. The average values for percentage of mycelial growth inhibition of the ethanolic extract from L. lasiocalycina, C. zehntneri and C. luetzelburgii against the six fungi were 62.5, 53.4 and 51.0 %, respectively. The ethanolic extract of L. lasiocalycina showed the most significant effect on the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition and conidia concentration. The fixed constituents of C. luetzelburgii, C. zehntneri and L. lasiocalycina at 2,000 μg mL-1 showed to be efficient in inhibiting the mycelial growth of C. siamense, C. truncatum, F. sacchari, F. udum, L. theobromae and T. ethacetica, and inhibit the conidia production of C. siamense, F. sacchari and F. udum.

RESUMO A busca por extratos vegetais para serem utilizados no controle fitossanitário tem sido ampliada, visando encontrar novos ingredientes ativos para o controle de doenças de plantas. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito in vitro dos constituintes fixos de Copaifera luetzelburgii, Croton zehntneri e Lippia lasiocalycina, nas concentrações de 2; 20; 200; e 2.000 μg mL-1, sobre o percentual de inibição de crescimento micelial de Colletotrichum siamense, C. truncatum, Fusarium sacchari, F. udum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae e Thielaviopsis ethacetica, bem como a concentração de conídios de C. siamense, F. sacchari e F. udum produzidos em meio de cultura com todos os extratos. O extrato etanólico testado, principalmente na maior concentração, inibiu o percentual de crescimento micelial e/ou concentração de conídios dos fungos avaliados. As demais concentrações apresentaram baixos efeitos inibitórios ou nenhuma atividade contra os fungos. Os valores médios para percentual de inibição de crescimento micelial do extrato etanólico de L. lasiocalycina, C. zehntneri e C. luetzelburgii contra os seis fungos foram de 62,5; 53,4; e 51,0 %, respectivamente. O extrato etanólico de L. lasiocalycina apresentou o efeito mais significativo sobre o percentual de inibição de crescimento micelial e concentração de conídios. Os constituintes fixos de C. luetzelburgii, C. zehntneri e L. lasiocalycina a 2.000 μg mL-1 mostraram-se eficientes na inibição do crescimento micelial de C. siamense, C. truncatum, F. sacchari, F. udum, L. theobromae e T. ethacetica, e inibem a produção de conídios de C. siamense, F. sacchari e F. udum.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the technique, analyze possible radiographic correction and evaluate the clinical result of medial and plantar calcaneal displacement osteotomy associated with opening wedge cuboid osteotomy for flexible flatfoot correction. Methods: 23 patients (30 feet) diagnosed with flexible flat foot treated with plantar and medial calcaneal displacement osteotomy associated with opening wedge cuboid osteotomy were evaluated retrospectively. In the lateral radiographs calcaneal pitch and Meary’s angle were the radiographic parameters evaluated; while the talonavicular coverage angle was evaluated in the anteroposterior radiographs. To assess the clinical outcome of the surgical procedure, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS) for the ankle and hindfoot was adopted. Results: The mean values of the evaluated angles and AOFAS score for ankle and hindfoot significantly improved when comparing pre- and postoperative values. Conclusion: Plantar and medial calcaneal displacement osteotomy associated with an opening wedge cuboid osteotomy is able to improve radiological and clinical parameters of child patients with flexible flatfoot. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Comparative Study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a técnica, analisar possíveis correções radiográficas e avaliar o resultado clínico da osteotomia de deslocamento medial e plantar do calcâneo associada à osteotomia em cunha de adição do cuboide para correção do pé plano flexível de crianças. Métodos: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 23 pacientes (30 pés) com diagnóstico de pé plano flexível tratadas com osteotomia de deslocamento plantar e medial do calcâneo associada à osteotomia em cunha de adição do cuboide. Os parâmetros radiográficos avaliados nas imagens em perfil foram o pitch do calcâneo e o ângulo de Meary, enquanto nas radiografias anteroposteriores o ângulo de cobertura do tálus. Para avaliar o resultado clínico do procedimento cirúrgico, foi adotado o escore da American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) para tornozelo e retropé. Resultados: Os valores médios dos ângulos avaliados e do escore AOFAS para tornozelo e retropé melhoraram significativamente na comparação dos resultados pré e pós-operatórios. Conclusão: A osteotomia de deslocamento plantar e medial do calcâneo associada à osteotomia em cunha de adição do cuboide é capaz de melhorar os parâmetros radiológicos e clínicos de crianças com pé plano flexível. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo Comparativo Restrospectivo.